The Economic Problem by bobby on Scribd

the economic problem

The economics problem.

Production possibilities and opportunity cost

And if we want to increase our production of one goods, we must decrease our projection of something else we face a trade of.

The production possibilities frontier (PPF) is the boundary between those coombination of goods and service they can be produce and those that can’t. to illustrate the PPF, we focus on two goods at times and hold the quantities produce of all the other goods and service constant.

Production possibilities frontier

            The PPF illustrate scarcity because we can’t attain the point outside the frontier. This point describe wants that can’t satisfied. We can produce at any point inside the PPF or on the PPF

The PPF separate the attainable from the unattainable. Production is possible at any point inside the arrange area or on the frontier. Points outside the frontier in are attainable. Points inside the frontier, such as points Z, are inefficient because resource are loss or miss located. At such point, it is possible to use the available resources to produce more of other goods or both goods.

Production efficiency

            We achieve production efficiency if we produce goods and services at lowest possible cost. This outcome occurs at all the point on the PPF. At point inside the PPF production is inefficient because we are giving up more than necessary of one goods to produce a given quantity of the other goods. Production is inefficient inside the PPF because resources are either unused or misallocated, or both. Resources are unused when they idle but could be working.

Tradeoff along the ppf

tradeoffs arise in every imaginable real world situation. Fixed amount of labour, land, capital, and entrepreneurship. By using our available technologies we can employing these resources to produce goods and services, but we are limited in what we can produce. This limit defines a boundary between what we can and can’t attain.

Opportunity cost

            The opportunity cost of an action the highest valued alternative forgone. The PPF make this idea resize and enable us to calculate opportunity cost. Along the PPF they are only two goods. Some quantity of the other goods.

OPPORTUNITY COST IS A RATIO

    The opportunity cost ratio decrease in the quantity produce of one goods devided but the increase by the quantity produce of another goods as we move along the PPF.

INCREASING OPPORTUNITY COST

            The outward bow shape of the PPF reflect increasing opportunity cost. When we produce large quantity between points A and B PPF has a gentle slope.

The PPF and Marginal Cost

The PPF determines opportunity cost. The marginal cost  of each good or good of service is the opportunity cost of producing one more unit

Preference and marginal benefit

            The marginal benefit from a goods or service is the benefit receive from consuming one more unit of it. We measure the marginal benefit from a good from service by the most that people willing to pay for an additional unit of it. You are willing to pay less for a good than it is worth to you, but you are not willing to pay more than it is worth, and the most you are willing to pay measures marginal benefit.

            We illustrate references using the marginal benefit curves, which is approve that sales the relationship between the marginal benefit from a goods and the quantity of that goods consume. The more we have of any goods or service, this smaller is its marginal benefit and the less we are willing to pay for an additional unit of it. This tendency is so wide spread, that we call it a principle of decreasing marginal benefit.

            The basic reason why the marginal benefit from a goods or service decrease as we consume more of it is that we like variety.

Allocate efficiency

            At any point on the PPF, we can’t produce more of one goods without giving up some other goods. At the best point on the PPF, we can’t produce more of one goods without giving up some other goods that provides greater benefit. We are producing at the point allocate efficiency, the point on the PPF that we prefer above all other point.

Economic growth

            Economic growth increase our standard of living, but it doesn’t over come scarcity and avoid opportunity cost

  

The cost economic growth

            Economic growth comes from technological changes is the development of new goods and of better ways of producing goods and service. The capital accumulation is the growth of capital resources including human capital. Because of technological change and capital accumulation we have an enormous quantity of cars and provide us with more transportation than was available when we had only horses and carriage, we has satellite that provide global communication on a much larger scale than available with the earlier cable technology.

A nation economic growth

            If a nation devotes all its factor of production to producing consumption goods and services a none that advancing technology and accumulating capital its production possibilities in the future will be the same as they are today.

 Comparative advantage and absolute advantage a person has a comparative adventage offer another in producing a good if he or she can produce a given quantity of that good a lower opportunity cost tha the other person. Differences in opportunity cost a rise from differences individual abilities and from differences in the character stage of other resources.

A comparative advantages arise from differences in opportunity cost in absolute advantage arise from different in product difference in production per hour

Dynamic Comparative Advantage

An any given point in time, the resources an technologies available determine the comparative advantage that individuals and nation have. Dynamic comparative advantages is comparative advantages the a person or country has acquired by specializing in an activity and becoming the lowers cost producer as a result of learning by doing.

   

The economic coordination

Two competing economic coordination system have been used : sample economic planning and decentralized markets.

To make decentralized coordination work, four complementary social institutions that have develop over many centuries are needed. They are

a.)    FIRMS

It is a economic unit that hires factors of production and organizes those factors o produce and sell goods and services. Examples of firms are your local petrol station, Woolworth, and Qantas. This firms coordinate a huge amount of economic activity, but it firms gets too big, it can’t keep track of all the information that is needed to coordinate its activities. For this reason, firms themselves specialize and trade with each other.

b.)    MARKETS

The word market means a place where people buy and sell goods (fish, meat, fruits, vegetables, etc). in economics, market has a more general meaning. A market is any arrangement that enables buyers and sellers to get information and to do business with each other.

Market have evolved because they facilitate trade. Without organized markets, we would miss out on a substantial part of the potential gains from trade.

c.)    PROPERTY RIGHTS

The social arrangement that govern the ownership, use, and disposal of anything that people value are called property rights.

d.)   MONEY

It’s a any commodity or token that is generally acceptable as a means a payment. 

and this came with the PPTX style mode, i put link to the scribd.com so you can download it and the link to my PPTX post on my blog.

pptx post on my blog

PPTX on scribd download it while it's hot

manga here.com

manga here.com adalah situs komik online yang bisa dibaca secara online, dan cara untuk mendaftarnya pun sangat mudah dan simple tidak terlalu rame.
untuk tema yang dipakai sangatlah menarik dan tidak membosankan karena berganti-ganti pada saat yang di tentukan oleh pihak mangahere.com.
dan komik-komik yang di sajikan pun sangat pas di mata dan di hati untuk masyarakat indonesia terlebih otaku yang berada di indonesia.

Abi Hasantoso menegaskan bahwa LPI menolak untuk bermain di Divisi III Liga Indonesia.

Tawaran PSSI untuk memasukkan Liga Primer Indonesia (LPI) ke Divisi III Liga Indonesia ditolak mentah-mentah oleh LPI. Kepada GOAL.com Indonesia, Humas LPI, Abi Hasantoso, menegaskan bahwa LPI adalah liga profesional yang tidak mungkin berada di bawah liga amatir.

"Tidak mungkin Liga Primer Indonesia berada di Divisi III karena LPI adalah kompetisi profesional sementara liga yang dikelola PSSI sekarang adalah kompetisi amatir. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari definisi FIFA dan AFC yang menyatakan bahwa kompetisi yang profesional adalah kompetisi yang menuju sepakbola industri," ungkap Abi.

"LPI lebih baik tidak digabung dengan kompetisi yang ada karena sudah mempunyai positioning sendiri yaitu sebagai liga profesional. Yang LPI butuhkan sekarang hanyalah pengakuan dari PSSI dan ke depan kami dengan PSSI akan duduk bersama dalam hal manajemen."

"Tetapi bukan PSSI yang sekarang, karena mereka akan segera habis masa jabatannya. Kami berharap kepada pengurus PSSI baru yang cerdas dan mau bekerja untuk sepakbola nasional."

Abi juga tidak menolak apabila ada klub dari Superliga Indonesia yang ingin masuk ke LPI, tetapi untuk saat ini hanya ada tiga klub yang memenuhi syarat untuk masuk ke kompetisi LPI.

"Untuk saat ini cuma ada tiga klub yang pantas masuk ke LPI yaitu Arema Indonesia, Persib Bandung dan Semen Padang. Yang lain belum dapat bisa karena masih menggunakan dana APBD," ujar Abi.

karena LPI menganggap bahwa divisi 3 itu adalah divisi yang memalukan

yoiyolah divisi 3 tidak bisa bermain di pertandingan yang hot

new age said that SBY leadership is sucks

Some time ago Visits vice president in Australia was not fun. He served with The Age newspaper headline titled "Yudhoyono abused power '.

Newspaper Friday, March 11, 2011 edition reported on the abuse of power by President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono. Not only that, the newspapers that take news from wire materials diplomatic Wikileaks, it is also important to expose corruption SBY.

Like AFP quoted by The Age, wire diplomatic says SBY has personally intervene and influence the prosecutors and judges to protect political leaders who engage in corruption. SBY also mentioned using state intelligence to spy on political rivals.

The cable was also told in detail how the former deputy to pay millions of dollars to control the largest party in Indonesia at that time. Cable also said the president's wife and family to enrich themselves through political connections.

Could not help, the article was a hot debate in the country. Mengobrolkannya bustling middle-class social media via Twitter since morning.


Summary:

1. Taufik Pack corruption while his wife serves and rescued SBY ........

2. Jusuf Kalla's Golkar chair bought for Rp 60 billion, helped by Agung Laksono

3. Gus Dur supporters USD 3 billion to bribe judges to win cases PKB

4. Bin Head reported that Wiranto was brained Terrorists (terrorist mastermind)

5. BIN spy ever sent to spy on Yusril, in relation dg (alleged) corruption

6. Tommy Winata contributed to SBY through M. Lutfi and TB Silalahi

7. SBY complained about its failure to build the business as a legacy to our children and grandchildren

8. Tommy Winata near Bu Ani

here the PDF link who want to make reading the original version

http://www.theage.com.au/frontpage/2.../frontpage.pdf


Kalla Admit leaked Wikileaks True
Friday, March 11, 2011 | 9:42 pm
TEMPO Interactive, Jakarta - Former Vice President Jusuf Kalla acknowledged the truth of news that was launched two Australian newspapers, The Age and Sydney Morning Herald, today. Two newspapers were calling Kalla overspend when elected as Chairman of the Golkar Party in the National Congress of the Golkar Party in Bali in 2004. The news was sourced from the WikiLeaks documents that diplomati wire report quoting the U.S. Embassy in Jakarta to Washington.

"Yes, about USD 2 to USD 3 billion is," said Jusuf Kalla, to Tempo, Friday, March 11, 2011.

According to Kalla, the money used to pay for airline tickets from the Golkar central board and local. He estimates there are three thousand people who paid for his ticket. Kalla also admitted to paying the hotel venue for the National Congress Golkar.

He said has become a habit candidate elected chairman of Golkar Party to pay for airfare and hotel. "Almost all the parties too," he said. "It's not a secret anymore."

Kalla said the money came from his own pocket. "So it's not corruption," he said.

Name Jusuf Kalla called Wikileaks cited join Australian newspaper The Age entitled "Yudhoyono abused power '. There, Kalla called were involved in bribes to get seats Golkar leadership.

The Age Friday, March 11, 2011 edition states, the U.S. Embassy reported Jusuf Kalla to pay large bribes to win the leadership of Golkar, one of the largest party in Indonesia. was done while the Golkar Party's National Conference, December 2004. Mentioned there, Kalla spend millions of dollars for access control of the Golkar Party.

"Sources close to the major candidates, Kalla team offers local council Rp 200 million (more than U.S. $ 22,000) to the voters," as The Age.

American diplomat, quoted by WikiLeaks and reported by The Age, called the 243 votes needed to get a majority so that the general chairman of Golkar candidates have reached U.S. $ 6 million. Even well known, Agung Laksono, Vice Chairman of the Golkar Party who is also Speaker of the House at that time, participated allocated Rp 50 billion more in the event.


nih link PDFnya who want to make reading the original version

http://www.theage.com.au/frontpage/2.../frontpage.pdf

mitos tanda tanda bencana alam

Cerita tentang Mitos Alam ini juga pernah saya dengar dari "nenek" saat masih kecil. Saat itu tidak ada dalam pikiran saya untuk mengerti apa yang "nenek" sampaikan, saya hanya anggap sebagai cerita sebelum saya tidur malam, tetapi sekarang saya teringat kembali dan menyimpulkan mungkin ada benarnya juga. Karena cerita "Nenek" tersebut sama seperti kisah yang pernah disampaikan oleh beberapa orang yang daerah nya terkena Bencana, seperti Tsunami Aceh , gempa Bengkulu dan beberapa tempat lainnya.

Dan Inilah beberapa Mitos Atau Peringatan Alam Jika Akan terjadi Bencana Alam

1. Ayam Kampung yang tidak mau bertelur dalam waktu yang lama
Siapa yang tidak kenal Ayam Kampung konon Kuning telurnya membawa khasiat untuk kebugaran tubuh, Mitos masyarakat kuno mengatakan jika Ayam kampung sudah tidak mau bertelur pada waktunya dan setiap malam mengeluarkan suara gaduh seperti "Ayam hendak Kawin" atau "Ayam yang sedang berkelahi" maka dipercayai bahwa akan terjadi sebuah bencana di daerah tersebut

2. Kumpulan Burung Laut yang terbang rendah ke menjauh ke arah daratan yang terdalam
Burung Laut, sekumpulan burung laut biasanya terbang berkelompok diatas permukaan laut dan kemudian berhenti di bibir-bibir pantai atau lembah-lebah disekitar pantai, Mitos Mesir kuno jika sekumpulan burung laut berwarna Hitam terbang dalam jumlah yang besar menuju jauh ke daratan melewati pemukiman dan pantai , itu menandakan akan terjadi Bencana Besar berupa Gelombang Laut yang sangat besar.

3. Petir disiang hari yang cerah
Mitos tentang Petir yang meyambar disiang hari yang cerah tanpa awan mendung ini berasal dari Mitos suku-suku lama Sumatera dan Melayu, ada dua anggapan tentang hal ini, yang pertama akan ada tokoh masyarakat yang berpulang ketangan Ilahi, atau akan datang bencana besar didaerah tersebut

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